Mandarin compared with English, sentence 5
"Mā" (high, flat) means mother, "má" (rising) means hemp, "mǎ" (dipping) means horse and "mà" (falling) means scold.
Who acts: Mā, má, mǎ, falling · What happens: mean, dip · To what, where: mother, hemp, horse, scold · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mā, má, mǎ, falling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Mā | punct |
| 2 | Mā | Mā | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 means | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Mā | punct |
| 4 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 7 flat | punct |
| 5 | high | hi | INTJ | _ | 7 flat | discourse |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 high | punct |
| 7 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Mā | amod |
| 8 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 7 flat | punct |
| 9 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 means | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 má | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 má | punct |
| 13 | má | má | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 means | nsubj |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 má | punct |
| 15 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 rising | punct |
| 16 | rising | rising | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 means | nsubj |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 rising | punct |
| 18 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 means | conj |
| 19 | hemp | hemp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 means | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 mǎ | punct |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 mǎ | punct |
| 22 | mǎ | mǎ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 means | nsubj |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 mǎ | punct |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 dipping | punct |
| 25 | dipping | dip | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 means | csubj |
| 26 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 dipping | punct |
| 27 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 means | parataxis |
| 28 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 means | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 mà | cc |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 mà | punct |
| 31 | mà | mà | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 horse | conj |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 mà | punct |
| 33 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 34 falling | punct |
| 34 | falling | falling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 means | nsubj |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 34 falling | punct |
| 36 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 means | parataxis |
| 37 | scold | scold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 means | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Mā | mother | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mother=Topic | ||||
| 2 | mean | present | má | hemp | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hemp=Topic | ||||
| 3 | dip | gerund | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | mean | present | mǎ | horse and mà | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Topic | ||||
| 5 | mean | present | falling | scold | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scold=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/5/