Mandarin compared with English, sentence 6

Mandarin verbs don't change for past or present; time is shown with words like "yesterday" or small particles like "了" (le), so "我吃了" means "I ate".

Who acts: Mandarin verbs, 我吃了, questions · What happens: not change, show, mean, eat · To what, where: time · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mandarin verbs, 我吃了, questions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mandarin	mandarin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 verbs	amod
2	verbs	verb	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 change	nsubj
3	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 change	aux
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 change	advmod
5	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 past	case
7	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 change	obl
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 present	cc
9	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 past	conj
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 shown	punct
11	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 shown	nsubj:pass
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 shown	aux:pass
13	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 change	parataxis
14	with	with	ADP	_	15 words	case
15	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 shown	obl
16	like	like	ADP	_	22 particles	case
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 yesterday	punct
18	yesterday	yesterday	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 words	nmod
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 yesterday	punct
20	or	or	CCONJ	_	22 particles	cc
21	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 particles	amod
22	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 words	nmod
23	like	like	ADP	_	25 了	case
24	"	"	PUNCT	_	25 了	punct
25	了	了	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 particles	nmod
26	"	"	PUNCT	_	25 了	punct
27	(	(	PUNCT	_	28 le	punct
28	le	le	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 了	appos
29	)	)	PUNCT	_	28 le	punct
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 means	punct
31	so	so	ADV	_	35 means	advmod
32	"	"	PUNCT	_	33 我吃了	punct
33	我吃了	我吃了	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 means	nsubj
34	"	"	PUNCT	_	33 我吃了	punct
35	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 change	parataxis
36	"	"	PUNCT	_	38 ate	punct
37	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	38 ate	nsubj
38	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	35 means	ccomp
39	"	"	PUNCT	_	38 ate	punct
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 change	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not change	present · do-support	Mandarin verbs		for past	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	show	present · passive		time	with words yesterday like small particles like 了	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
3	mean	present	我吃了			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	eat in a quote	past	questions = question			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/6/