Mandarin compared with English, sentence 7

Chinese writing uses thousands of characters, each usually a syllable with a meaning; about 2,000 to 3,000 are needed to read a newspaper.

Who acts: Chinese writing, each · What happens: use, syllable, need, read · To what, where: thousands, 2,000, newspaper

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chinese writing, each), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 writing	amod
2	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 uses	nsubj
3	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 uses	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 characters	case
6	characters	character	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 thousands	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 syllable	punct
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	11 syllable	nsubj
9	usually	usually	ADV	_	11 syllable	advmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 syllable	det
11	syllable	syllable	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 thousands	conj
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 meaning	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 meaning	det
14	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 syllable	nmod
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 needed	punct
16	about	about	ADV	_	17 2,000	advmod
17	2,000	2000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	21 needed	nsubj:pass
18	to	to	ADP	_	19 3,000	case
19	3,000	3000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	17 2,000	nmod
20	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 needed	aux:pass
21	needed	need	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 uses	parataxis
22	to	to	PART	_	23 read	mark
23	read	read	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 needed	advcl
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 newspaper	det
25	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 read	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 uses	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	use	present	Chinese writing	thousands of characters and a syllable		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient
2	syllable		each		with a meaning; usually property	tree rules
3	need	present · passive		2,000 to 3,000		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme
4	read	to-infinitive		a newspaper		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent newspaper=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/7/