Mandarin compared with English, sentence 8
Pinyin writes Chinese sounds with Latin letters and tone marks; it helps learners with pronunciation.
Who acts: Pinyin, writing · What happens: write, help · To what, where: Chinese sounds, learners
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pinyin, writing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pinyin | pinyin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 writes | nsubj |
| 2 | writes | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 sounds | amod |
| 4 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 writes | obj |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 letters | case |
| 6 | Latin | Latin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 letters | amod |
| 7 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 writes | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 marks | cc |
| 9 | tone | tone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 marks | compound |
| 10 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 letters | conj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 helps | punct |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 helps | nsubj |
| 13 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 writes | parataxis |
| 14 | learners | learner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 helps | obj |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 pronunciation | case |
| 16 | pronunciation | pronunciation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 helps | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 writes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | present | Pinyin | Chinese sounds | with Latin letters and tone marks | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme | |||
| 2 | help | present | writing | learners | with pronunciation | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent learner=Beneficiary with pronunciation=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/8/