Mandarin compared with English, sentence 9
Mandarin puts a measure word between a number and a noun: "两本书" (liǎng běn shū), two books, uses "本" for books; English does something similar in "two pieces of paper" or "a loaf of bread".
Who acts: Mandarin, English · What happens: put, use, do · To what, where: measure word, number, 本, something
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mandarin, English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mandarin | Mandarin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 puts | nsubj |
| 2 | puts | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 word | det |
| 4 | measure | measure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 word | compound |
| 5 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 puts | obj |
| 6 | between | between | ADP | _ | 8 number | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 number | det |
| 8 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 word | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 noun | cc |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 noun | det |
| 11 | noun | noun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 number | conj |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 两本书 | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 两本书 | punct |
| 14 | 两本书 | 两本书 | X | _ | 2 puts | conj |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 两本书 | punct |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 liǎng | punct |
| 17 | liǎng | liǎng | X | _ | 2 puts | parataxis |
| 18 | běn | běn | X | _ | 19 shū | amod |
| 19 | shū | shū | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 liǎng | obj |
| 20 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 liǎng | punct |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 books | punct |
| 22 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 books | nummod |
| 23 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 puts | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 uses | punct |
| 25 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 puts | conj |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 本 | punct |
| 27 | 本 | 本 | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 uses | obj |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 本 | punct |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 books | case |
| 30 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 uses | obl |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 does | punct |
| 32 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 does | nsubj |
| 33 | does | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 puts | parataxis |
| 34 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 33 does | obj |
| 35 | similar | similar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 something | amod |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 pieces | case |
| 37 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 pieces | punct |
| 38 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 39 pieces | nummod |
| 39 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 similar | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 paper | case |
| 41 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 pieces | nmod |
| 42 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 pieces | punct |
| 43 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 46 loaf | cc |
| 44 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 loaf | punct |
| 45 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 loaf | det |
| 46 | loaf | loaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 pieces | conj |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 bread | case |
| 48 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 loaf | nmod |
| 49 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 46 loaf | punct |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 puts | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put | present | Mandarin | a measure word | a number and a noun | two books obl | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent word=Theme between number=Destination | ||
| 2 | use | present | Mandarin not said here | 本 | for books | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent 本=Theme for book=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | do | present | English | something | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/9/