Grammar puzzles, part two, sentence 12
"Fast" can be an adjective ("a fast car"), an adverb ("he runs fast"), a verb meaning go without food ("I fast on holy days") and a noun ("a three-day fast").
Who acts: Fast, y, verb, sentence · What happens: be, run, mean, go, fast · To what, where: adjective · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part two» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fast, y, verb, sentence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Fast | punct |
| 2 | Fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 adjective | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Fast | punct |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 adjective | aux |
| 5 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 adjective | cop |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 adjective | det |
| 7 | adjective | adjective | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 car | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 car | punct |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 car | det |
| 11 | fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 car | amod |
| 12 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 adjective | appos |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 car | punct |
| 14 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 car | punct |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 adverb | punct |
| 16 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 adverb | det |
| 17 | adverb | adverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 adjective | conj |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 21 runs | punct |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 runs | punct |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 runs | nsubj |
| 21 | runs | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 adverb | parataxis |
| 22 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 21 runs | advmod |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 runs | punct |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 21 runs | punct |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 verb | punct |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 verb | det |
| 27 | verb | verb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 adjective | appos |
| 28 | meaning | mean | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 verb | acl |
| 29 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 meaning | ccomp |
| 30 | without | without | ADP | _ | 31 food | case |
| 31 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 go | obl |
| 32 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 35 fast | punct |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 fast | punct |
| 34 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 fast | nsubj |
| 35 | fast | fast | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 verb | parataxis |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 days | case |
| 37 | holy | holy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 days | amod |
| 38 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 fast | obl |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 fast | punct |
| 40 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 35 fast | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 noun | cc |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 noun | det |
| 43 | noun | noun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 adjective | conj |
| 44 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 50 fast | punct |
| 45 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 50 fast | punct |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 fast | det |
| 47 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 49 day | nummod |
| 48 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 47 three | punct |
| 49 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 fast | compound |
| 50 | fast | fast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 noun | appos |
| 51 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 50 fast | punct |
| 52 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 50 fast | punct |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 adjective | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | can | Fast | a adjective and a adverb and a noun | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | run in a quote | present | y | fast property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | mean | gerund | a verb not said here | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | go | infinitive | without food | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | fast in a quote | present | the sentence = sentence | day | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:036-grammar-puzzles-part-two.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×5, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/36-grammar-puzzles-part-two/12/