Tenses: past, present and future, sentence 11
Use went on its own (I went) and gone after have (I have gone); "I have went" is heard in some dialects but not in standard English.
Who acts: you, I, historic present · What happens: use, go, gone, have, hear · To what, where: own, dialects · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I, historic present), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 2 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Use | obj |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 own | case |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 own | nmod:poss |
| 5 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 went | obl |
| 6 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 8 went | punct |
| 7 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 went | nsubj |
| 8 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 went | parataxis |
| 9 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 8 went | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 gone | cc |
| 11 | gone | gone | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 went | conj |
| 12 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 13 have | mark |
| 13 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 gone | conj |
| 14 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 gone | punct |
| 15 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 gone | nsubj |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 gone | aux |
| 17 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 have | parataxis |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 gone | punct |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 have | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 have | punct |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 have | nsubj |
| 22 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Use | parataxis |
| 23 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 have | conj |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 went | punct |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 heard | aux:pass |
| 26 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 went | parataxis |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 dialects | case |
| 28 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 29 dialects | det |
| 29 | dialects | dialect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 heard | obl |
| 30 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 English | cc |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 English | advmod |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 English | case |
| 33 | standard | standard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 English | amod |
| 34 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 dialects | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Use | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | imperative | you not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | go | past | participle's own | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on own=Location | |||||
| 3 | go | past | I | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | gone | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | have | present | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | go | present · perfect | I | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | have in a quote | present | the historic present = present | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | go in a quote | past | the historic present = present not said here | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 9 | hear | present · passive | some dialects but standard English | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/11/