Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes, sentence 0
Most English verbs make the past by adding -ed: jump, jumped; these are regular verbs, but about 200 common ones break the rule: go, went; run, ran; catch, caught; these are irregular.
Who acts: Most English verbs, these, 200 common ones, rule · What happens: make, add, jump, be, break, go · To what, where: past, ed, regular verbs, rule, run
This is a sentence of the lesson «Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most English verbs, these, 200 common ones, rule), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 verbs | amod |
| 2 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 verbs | amod |
| 3 | verbs | verb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 make | nsubj |
| 4 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 past | det |
| 6 | past | past | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 make | obj |
| 7 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 8 adding | mark |
| 8 | adding | add | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 make | advcl |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 ed | punct |
| 10 | ed | ed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 adding | obj |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 jump | punct |
| 12 | jump | jump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ed | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 jumped | punct |
| 14 | jumped | jump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 jump | conj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 verbs | punct |
| 16 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 19 verbs | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 verbs | cop |
| 18 | regular | regular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 verbs | amod |
| 19 | verbs | verb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 jumped | parataxis |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 break | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 break | cc |
| 22 | about | about | ADV | _ | 23 200 | advmod |
| 23 | 200 | 200 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 ones | nummod |
| 24 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 ones | amod |
| 25 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 break | nsubj |
| 26 | break | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 make | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 rule | det |
| 28 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 break | obj |
| 29 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 go | punct |
| 30 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 rule | acl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 went | punct |
| 32 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 go | conj |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 run | punct |
| 34 | run | run | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 went | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 ran | punct |
| 36 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 go | conj |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 catch | punct |
| 38 | catch | catch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 run | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 caught | punct |
| 40 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 run | parataxis |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 44 irregular | punct |
| 42 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 44 irregular | nsubj |
| 43 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 irregular | cop |
| 44 | irregular | irregular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 make | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 make | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | Most English verbs | the past | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset past=Product | ||||
| 2 | add speech: assert | gerund | Most English verbs not said here | ed and jump | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ed=Patient | ||||
| 3 | jump | past | Most English verbs not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | these | regular verbs | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | break | present | 200 common ones | the rule | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient | ||||
| 6 | go | infinitive | the rule not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | go | past | the rule not said here | run and catch | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | run | past | the rule not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | catch | past | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 10 | is | present | these | irregular property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:009-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/0/