Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes, sentence 4

Verbs change over time and between countries: Americans often say dove and snuck where British say dived and sneaked; and many dialects say "I seen him at the chippy", which is dialect, not stupidity.

Who acts: Verbs, Americans, British, many dialects, chippy · What happens: change, say, dive, sneak, see, be · To what, where: dove, English, chippy, dialect · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Verbs, Americans, British, many dialects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Verbs	verb	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 change	nsubj
2	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	over	over	ADP	_	4 time	case
4	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 change	obl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 countries	cc
6	between	between	ADP	_	7 countries	case
7	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 time	conj
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 say	punct
9	Americans	American	PROPN	Number=Plur	11 say	nsubj
10	often	often	ADV	_	11 say	advmod
11	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 change	parataxis
12	dove	dove	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 say	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 snuck	cc
14	snuck	snuck	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dove	conj
15	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	18 dived	advmod
16	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 say	nsubj
17	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 say	advcl
18	dived	dive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 say	ccomp
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 sneaked	cc
20	sneaked	sneak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 dived	conj
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 say	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 say	cc
23	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 dialects	amod
24	dialects	dialect	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 say	nsubj
25	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 say	parataxis
26	"	"	PUNCT	_	28 seen	punct
27	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	28 seen	nsubj
28	seen	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 say	ccomp
29	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 seen	obj
30	at	at	ADP	_	32 chippy	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 chippy	det
32	chippy	chippy	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 seen	obl
33	"	"	PUNCT	_	32 chippy	punct
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 dialect	punct
35	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	37 dialect	nsubj
36	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 dialect	cop
37	dialect	dialect	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 chippy	appos
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	40 stupidity	punct
39	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	40 stupidity	advmod
40	stupidity	stupidity	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 dialect	conj
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 change	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	Verbs			time		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	say speech: assert	present	Americans	dove and snuck			often property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent dove=Topic
3	say speech: assert	present	British					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	dive	participle						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
5	sneak	participle						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	say speech: assert	present	many dialects					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
7	see in a quote	past	many dialects = dialect	English	the chippy			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus
8	is a	present	the chippy	dialect and stupidity				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:009-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/4/