Antibiotics, viruses and side effects, sentence 1
Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria or stop them growing, but they cannot touch a virus, so they do nothing for a cold, flu or most sore throats.
Who acts: Antibiotics, medicines, viruses · What happens: be, kill, stop, grow, not touch, do · To what, where: medicines, bacteria, virus, nothing
This is a sentence of the lesson «Antibiotics, viruses and side effects» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Antibiotics, medicines, viruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Antibiotics | antibiotic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 medicines | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 medicines | cop |
| 3 | medicines | medicine | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 kill | nsubj |
| 5 | kill | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 medicines | acl:relcl |
| 6 | bacteria | bacteria | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 kill | obj |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 stop | cc |
| 8 | stop | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 kill | conj |
| 9 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 stop | obj |
| 10 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 stop | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 touch | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 touch | cc |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 touch | nsubj |
| 14 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 touch | aux |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 touch | advmod |
| 16 | touch | touch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 growing | conj |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 virus | det |
| 18 | virus | virus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 touch | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 do | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 do | advmod |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 do | nsubj |
| 22 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 medicines | parataxis |
| 23 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 22 do | obj |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 flu | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 cold | det |
| 26 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 do | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 flu | punct |
| 28 | flu | flu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 cold | conj |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 32 throats | cc |
| 30 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 32 throats | amod |
| 31 | sore | sore | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 throats | amod |
| 32 | throats | throat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 flu | conj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 medicines | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Antibiotics | medicines | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | kill | present | medicines | bacteria | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Theme | ||||
| 3 | stop | present | medicines not said here | bacteria | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | grow | gerund | medicines not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | not touch | can | Antibiotics = antibiotic | a virus | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme virus=Co-Theme | ||||
| 6 | do | present | viruses = virus | nothing | a cold and flu or most sore throats obl | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:019-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/19-antibiotics-viruses-and-side-effects/1/