Taxes and the government's budget, sentence 2
Some taxes are taken from wages, called income tax; some hide inside prices, like VAT, which is £2 of a £12 toy in the UK; and council tax pays for local things like potholes and bins.
Who acts: wages, some, VAT, council tax · What happens: take, call, hide, be, pay · To what, where: taxes, wages, income tax, inside prices, £ 2 · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Taxes and the government's budget» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wages, some, VAT, council tax), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 taxes | det |
| 2 | taxes | tax | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 taken | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 taken | aux:pass |
| 4 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 wages | case |
| 6 | wages | wage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 taken | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 called | punct |
| 8 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 wages | acl |
| 9 | income | income | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 tax | compound |
| 10 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 called | obj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 prices | punct |
| 12 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 13 hide | nsubj |
| 13 | hide | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 taken | parataxis |
| 14 | inside | inside | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 prices | amod |
| 15 | prices | price | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 hide | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 VAT | punct |
| 17 | like | like | ADP | _ | 18 VAT | case |
| 18 | VAT | vat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 prices | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 2 | punct |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 2 | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 2 | cop |
| 22 | £ | £ | SYM | _ | 23 2 | compound |
| 23 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 VAT | acl:relcl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 toy | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 toy | det |
| 26 | £ | £ | SYM | _ | 28 toy | compound |
| 27 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 toy | nummod |
| 28 | toy | toy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 2 | nmod |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 UK | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 UK | det |
| 31 | UK | UK | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 toy | nmod |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 pays | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 pays | cc |
| 34 | council | council | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 tax | compound |
| 35 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 pays | nsubj |
| 36 | pays | pay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 taken | conj |
| 37 | for | for | ADP | _ | 39 things | case |
| 38 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 things | amod |
| 39 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 pays | obl |
| 40 | like | like | ADP | _ | 41 potholes | case |
| 41 | potholes | pothole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 things | nmod |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 bins | cc |
| 43 | bins | bin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 potholes | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 taken | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | present · passive | some taxes | wages | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: subject=Theme from wage=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | wages not said here | income tax | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tax=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | hide | present | some | inside prices like VAT | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | VAT | £ 2 | of a £ 12 toy in the UK | tree rules | |||
| 5 | pay | present | council tax | for local things like potholes and bins | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for thing=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:money:036-taxes-and-the-governments-budget.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/36-taxes-and-the-governments-budget/2/