Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries, sentence 12
Some people prefer local produce to support farmers nearby, like British apples at £2 a bag instead of imported ones at £1.50; others say imports are cheaper and help poorer countries; both views have points.
Who acts: people, others, imports, views · What happens: prefer, support, import, say, be, help · To what, where: local produce, farmers, poorer countries, points · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, others, imports, views), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 people | det |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 prefer | nsubj |
| 3 | prefer | prefer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 produce | amod |
| 5 | produce | produce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 prefer | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 support | mark |
| 7 | support | support | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 prefer | advcl |
| 8 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 support | obj |
| 9 | nearby | nearby | ADV | _ | 7 support | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 apples | punct |
| 11 | like | like | ADP | _ | 13 apples | case |
| 12 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 apples | amod |
| 13 | apples | apple | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 support | obl |
| 14 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 £ | case |
| 15 | £ | £ | SYM | _ | 7 support | obl |
| 16 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 £ | nummod |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 bag | det |
| 18 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 £ | nmod |
| 19 | instead | instead | ADV | _ | 22 ones | advmod |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 ones | case |
| 21 | imported | import | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 ones | amod |
| 22 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 support | obj |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 £ | case |
| 24 | £ | £ | SYM | _ | 7 support | obl |
| 25 | 1.50 | 1.50 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Frac | 24 £ | nummod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 say | punct |
| 27 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 say | nsubj |
| 28 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 prefer | parataxis |
| 29 | imports | import | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 cheaper | nsubj |
| 30 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 cheaper | cop |
| 31 | cheaper | cheap | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 28 say | ccomp |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 help | cc |
| 33 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 say | conj |
| 34 | poorer | poor | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 35 countries | amod |
| 35 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 help | obj |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 have | punct |
| 37 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 views | det |
| 38 | views | view | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 have | nsubj |
| 39 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 prefer | parataxis |
| 40 | points | point | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 have | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 prefer | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prefer | present | some people | local produce | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer produce=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | support | to-infinitive | some people not said here | farmers | like British apples; nearby property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | import | participle | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present | others | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | present | imports | cheap property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | help | infinitive | others not said here | poorer countries | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Beneficiary | ||||
| 7 | have | present | both views | points | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent point=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:money:037-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/37-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries/12/