Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth, sentence 13
A flat sheet of paper flutters down slowly, but the same sheet screwed into a ball drops fast, because only its shape changed.
Who acts: flat sheet, shape · What happens: flutter down, screw, drop, change · To what, where: same sheet, ball
This is a sentence of the lesson «Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flat sheet, shape), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 sheet | det |
| 2 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 sheet | amod |
| 3 | sheet | sheet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 flutters | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 paper | case |
| 5 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sheet | nmod |
| 6 | flutters | flutter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | down | down | ADV | _ | 6 flutters | advmod |
| 8 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 6 flutters | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 drops | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 drops | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 sheet | det |
| 12 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 sheet | amod |
| 13 | sheet | sheet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 drops | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | screwed | screw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 sheet | acl |
| 15 | into | into | ADP | _ | 17 ball | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 ball | det |
| 17 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 screwed | obl |
| 18 | drops | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 flutters | conj |
| 19 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 drops | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 changed | punct |
| 21 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 25 changed | mark |
| 22 | only | only | ADV | _ | 24 shape | advmod |
| 23 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 shape | nmod:poss |
| 24 | shape | shape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 changed | nsubj |
| 25 | changed | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 drops | advcl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 flutters | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flutter down | present | a flat sheet of paper | down, slowly property | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | screw | participle | the same sheet not said here | a ball | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | drop | present · passive | the same sheet | fast property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | change | past | sheet's shape | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:001-why-things-fall.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/1-why-things-fall/13/