Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth, sentence 14

Without air, a heavy thing and a light thing fall at exactly the same speed: the heavy thing is pulled harder, but it is also harder to get moving, and the two cancel out.

Who acts: heavy thing, air, two · What happens: fall, pull, be, get, move, cancel out · To what, where: same speed, heavy thing

This is a sentence of the lesson «Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heavy thing, air, two), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Without	without	ADP	_	2 air	case
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 fall	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 air	punct
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 thing	det
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 thing	amod
6	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 fall	nsubj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 thing	cc
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 thing	det
9	light	light	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 thing	amod
10	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 thing	conj
11	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	at	at	ADP	_	16 speed	case
13	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	16 speed	advmod
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 speed	det
15	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 speed	amod
16	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 fall	obl
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	22 pulled	punct
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 thing	det
19	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 thing	amod
20	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 pulled	nsubj:pass
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 pulled	aux:pass
22	pulled	pull	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 fall	parataxis
23	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	22 pulled	xcomp
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 harder	punct
25	but	but	CCONJ	_	29 harder	cc
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 harder	nsubj
27	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 harder	cop
28	also	also	ADV	_	29 harder	advmod
29	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	22 pulled	conj
30	to	to	PART	_	31 get	mark
31	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 harder	advcl
32	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	31 get	xcomp
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 cancel	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 cancel	cc
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 two	det
36	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	37 cancel	nsubj
37	cancel	cancel	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 pulled	conj
38	out	out	ADP	_	37 cancel	compound:prt
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 fall	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fall	present	a heavy thing and a light thing		the same speed	without air	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at speed=Location
2	pull	present · passive		the heavy thing		hard property	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	is	present	air			hard property	tree rules
4	get	to-infinitive	air not said here				vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
5	move	gerund	air not said here				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
6	cancel out	present	the two				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:001-why-things-fall.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/1-why-things-fall/14/