Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons, sentence 9

Helium is much lighter than air, so the air pushes a helium balloon up; let go outside, it rises until it pops, and balloons can harm wildlife.

Who acts: Helium, air, balloons · What happens: be, push, let, go, rise, pop · To what, where: helium balloon, wildlife

This is a sentence of the lesson «Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Helium, air, balloons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lighter	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lighter	cop
3	much	much	ADV	_	4 lighter	advmod
4	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 air	case
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lighter	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 pushes	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	11 pushes	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 air	det
10	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 pushes	nsubj
11	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lighter	parataxis
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 balloon	det
13	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 balloon	compound
14	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 pushes	obj
15	up	up	ADP	_	14 balloon	compound:prt
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 let	punct
17	let	let	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 rises	advcl
18	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 let	xcomp
19	outside	outside	ADV	_	18 go	advmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 let	punct
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 rises	nsubj
22	rises	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 pushes	conj
23	until	until	SCONJ	_	25 pops	mark
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 pops	nsubj
25	pops	pop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 rises	advcl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 harm	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 harm	cc
28	balloons	balloon	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 harm	nsubj
29	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	30 harm	aux
30	harm	harm	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 rises	conj
31	wildlife	wildlife	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 harm	obj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 lighter	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Helium		than air; light property	tree rules
2	push	present	the air	a helium balloon		vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balloon=Theme
3	let	infinitive	air not said here			tree rules
4	go	infinitive	air not said here		outside property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	rise	present	air			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	pop	present	air			vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
7	harm	can	balloons	wildlife		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus wildlife=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:012-ice-submarines-and-balloons.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/9/