Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums, sentence 14
A balloon shrinks in the freezer and grows again when warmed, because cold air pushes less on the rubber.
Who acts: balloon, cold air · What happens: shrink, grow, warm, push · To what, where: freezer
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (balloon, cold air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 balloon | det |
| 2 | balloon | balloon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shrinks | nsubj |
| 3 | shrinks | shrink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 freezer | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 freezer | det |
| 6 | freezer | freezer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shrinks | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 grows | cc |
| 8 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 shrinks | conj |
| 9 | again | again | ADV | _ | 8 grows | advmod |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 warmed | advmod |
| 11 | warmed | warm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 grows | advcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 pushes | punct |
| 13 | because | because | SCONJ | ExtPos=ADP | 16 pushes | mark |
| 14 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 air | amod |
| 15 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 pushes | nsubj |
| 16 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 grows | advcl |
| 17 | less | less | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 16 pushes | advmod |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 20 rubber | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 rubber | det |
| 20 | rubber | rubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 pushes | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shrinks | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shrink | present | a balloon | the freezer | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | grow | present | a balloon not said here | again | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | warm | participle | a balloon not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | push | present | cold air | on the rubber; less property | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on rubber=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:016-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/14/