Melting, freezing and boiling, sentence 8

Windows steam up on a cold morning because warm, damp air inside condenses on the cold glass, the same way your breath makes a cloud in winter.

Who acts: Windows, warm damp air, breath · What happens: steam up, condense, make · To what, where: same way, cold glass, cloud

This is a sentence of the lesson «Melting, freezing and boiling» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Windows, warm damp air, breath), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 steam	nsubj
2	steam	steam	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 steam	compound:prt
4	on	on	ADP	_	7 morning	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 morning	det
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 morning	amod
7	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 steam	obl
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	14 condenses	mark
9	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 air	amod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 warm	punct
11	damp	damp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 air	amod
12	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 condenses	nsubj
13	inside	inside	ADV	_	14 condenses	advmod
14	condenses	condense	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 steam	advcl
15	on	on	ADP	_	18 glass	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 glass	det
17	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 glass	amod
18	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 condenses	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 condenses	punct
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 way	det
21	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 way	amod
22	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 condenses	obl
23	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 breath	nmod:poss
24	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 makes	nsubj
25	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 way	acl:relcl
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 cloud	det
27	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 makes	obj
28	in	in	ADP	_	29 winter	case
29	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 makes	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 steam	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	steam up	present	Windows			morning		vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	condense	present	warm damp air	the same way	the cold glass		inside property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	make	present	your breath	a cloud		winter		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cloud=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:024-melting-freezing-and-boiling.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/8/