Keeping warm and keeping cool: insulation and sweat, sentence 3

Dogs hardly sweat, so they pant to dry their wet tongues, and elephants flap their huge thin ears so the blood inside gives its heat to the air.

Who acts: Dogs, elephants, blood · What happens: sweat, pant, dry, flap, give, heat · To what, where: wet tongues, huge thin ears, heat, air

This is a sentence of the lesson «Keeping warm and keeping cool: insulation and sweat» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dogs, elephants, blood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sweat	nsubj
2	hardly	hardly	ADV	_	3 sweat	advmod
3	sweat	sweat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 pant	parataxis
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 sweat	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	7 pant	advmod
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 pant	nsubj
7	pant	pant	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	to	to	PART	_	9 dry	mark
9	dry	dry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 pant	advcl
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 tongues	nmod:poss
11	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 tongues	amod
12	tongues	tongue	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 dry	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 flap	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 flap	cc
15	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 flap	nsubj
16	flap	flap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 pant	conj
17	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 ears	nmod:poss
18	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 ears	amod
19	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 ears	amod
20	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 flap	obj
21	so	so	SCONJ	_	25 gives	mark
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 blood	det
23	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 gives	nsubj
24	inside	inside	ADV	_	23 blood	advmod
25	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 flap	advcl
26	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 heat	nmod:poss
27	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 gives	obj
28	to	to	ADP	_	30 air	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 air	det
30	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 gives	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sweat	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	sweat	present	Dogs			hardly property	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	pant	present	Dogs = dog				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	dry	to-infinitive	Dogs = dog not said here	Dogs's wet tongues			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient tongue=Result
4	flap	present	elephants	Dogs's huge thin ears			vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient
5	give	present	the blood	blood's heat	the air		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent heat=Theme to air=Recipient
6	heat		blood				nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:025-keeping-warm-and-keeping-cool.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/25-keeping-warm-and-keeping-cool/3/