Energy: what makes things happen, sentence 13
Water held high behind a dam stores energy because of gravity, and the Sun lifted that water first as vapour that fell as rain.
Who acts: Water, dam, Sun, vapour · What happens: hold, store, lift, fall · To what, where: dam, energy, water
This is a sentence of the lesson «Energy: what makes things happen» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Water, dam, Sun, vapour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | Water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 held | nsubj |
| 2 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | high | high | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 held | advmod |
| 4 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 6 dam | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 energy | det |
| 6 | dam | dam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 held | obl |
| 7 | stores | store | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 dam | acl |
| 8 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stores | obj |
| 9 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 11 gravity | case |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 because | fixed |
| 11 | gravity | gravity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 held | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 lifted | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 lifted | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Sun | det |
| 15 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 lifted | nsubj |
| 16 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 held | conj |
| 17 | that | that | DET | PronType=Dem | 18 water | det |
| 18 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lifted | obj |
| 19 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 16 lifted | advmod |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 21 vapour | case |
| 21 | vapour | vapour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lifted | obl |
| 22 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 fell | nsubj |
| 23 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 vapour | acl:relcl |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 rain | case |
| 25 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 fell | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 held | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | past | Water | dam | because gravity; high property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind dam=Location | |||
| 2 | store | present | dam not said here | a energy | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | ||||
| 3 | lift | past | the Sun | that water | as vapour; first property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | |||
| 4 | fall | past | vapour | as rain | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:031-energy-what-makes-things-happen.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/31-energy-what-makes-things-happen/13/