Energy: what makes things happen, sentence 2
Follow the energy back far enough and nearly all of it started in the Sun: plants catch sunlight to make food, animals eat plants, and even wind and rain on the hills are driven by the Sun's warmth.
Who acts: you, all, plants, animals, warmth · What happens: follow back, start, catch, make, eat, drive · To what, where: energy, Sun, sunlight, food, plants, wind
This is a sentence of the lesson «Energy: what makes things happen» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, all, plants, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Follow | follow | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 energy | det |
| 3 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Follow | obj |
| 4 | back | back | ADV | _ | 1 Follow | advmod |
| 5 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 1 Follow | advmod |
| 6 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 1 Follow | advmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 started | cc |
| 8 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 9 all | advmod |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 12 started | nsubj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 it | case |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 all | nmod |
| 12 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Follow | conj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 Sun | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Sun | det |
| 15 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 started | obl |
| 16 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 catch | punct |
| 17 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 catch | nsubj |
| 18 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Follow | parataxis |
| 19 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 catch | obj |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 make | mark |
| 21 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 catch | advcl |
| 22 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 make | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 eat | punct |
| 24 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 eat | nsubj |
| 25 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Follow | conj |
| 26 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 eat | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 driven | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 eat | cc |
| 29 | even | even | ADV | _ | 30 wind | advmod |
| 30 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 driven | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 rain | cc |
| 32 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 wind | conj |
| 33 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 hills | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 hills | det |
| 35 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 wind | nmod |
| 36 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 driven | aux:pass |
| 37 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Follow | conj |
| 38 | by | by | ADP | _ | 42 warmth | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 Sun | det |
| 40 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 warmth | nmod:poss |
| 41 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 40 Sun | case |
| 42 | warmth | warmth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 driven | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Follow | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow back | imperative | you not said here | the energy | enough, far property | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | |||
| 2 | start | past | all | the Sun | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | catch | present | plants | sunlight | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Theme | ||||
| 4 | make | to-infinitive | plants not said here | food | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Product | ||||
| 5 | eat | present | animals | plants | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient | ||||
| 6 | drive | present · passive | the Sun's warmth | wind on the hills and rain | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme subject=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:031-energy-what-makes-things-happen.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/31-energy-what-makes-things-happen/2/