Energy: what makes things happen, sentence 3
Energy is never used up, it only changes form: when a bouncing ball gets lower each bounce, the missing energy has turned into a little heat and sound.
Who acts: Energy, bouncing ball, missing energy · What happens: not use up, change, bounce, get, turn · To what, where: Energy, form, bounce, little heat
This is a sentence of the lesson «Energy: what makes things happen» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Energy, bouncing ball, missing energy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 used | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 used | aux:pass |
| 3 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 4 used | advmod |
| 4 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 used | compound:prt |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 used | punct |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 changes | nsubj |
| 8 | only | only | ADV | _ | 9 changes | advmod |
| 9 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 used | parataxis |
| 10 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 changes | obj |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 changes | punct |
| 12 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 gets | advmod |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 ball | det |
| 14 | bouncing | bounce | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 ball | amod |
| 15 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 gets | nsubj |
| 16 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 turned | advcl |
| 17 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 gets | xcomp |
| 18 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 bounce | det |
| 19 | bounce | bounce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 gets | obl:unmarked |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 gets | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 energy | det |
| 22 | missing | missing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 energy | amod |
| 23 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 turned | nsubj |
| 24 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 turned | aux |
| 25 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 changes | parataxis |
| 26 | into | into | ADP | _ | 29 heat | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 heat | det |
| 28 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 heat | amod |
| 29 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 turned | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 sound | cc |
| 31 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 heat | conj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 used | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not use up | present · passive | Energy | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | change | present | Energy | form | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient | ||||
| 3 | bounce | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | get | present | a bouncing ball | each bounce | low property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 5 | turn | present · perfect | the missing energy | a little heat and sound | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into heat=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:031-energy-what-makes-things-happen.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/31-energy-what-makes-things-happen/3/