Energy: what makes things happen, sentence 4
"Using energy" really means turning useful energy into heat that spreads out and is hard to use again.
Who acts: Using, heat · What happens: use, mean, turn, spread out, be · To what, where: energy, useful energy, heat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Energy: what makes things happen» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Using, heat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Using | punct |
| 2 | Using | use | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 means | csubj |
| 3 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Using | obj |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Using | punct |
| 5 | really | really | ADV | _ | 6 means | advmod |
| 6 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | turning | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 means | xcomp |
| 8 | useful | useful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 energy | amod |
| 9 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 turning | obj |
| 10 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 heat | case |
| 11 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 turning | obl |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 spreads | nsubj |
| 13 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 heat | acl:relcl |
| 14 | out | out | ADP | _ | 13 spreads | compound:prt |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 hard | cc |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 hard | cop |
| 17 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 spreads | conj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 use | mark |
| 19 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 hard | xcomp |
| 20 | again | again | ADV | _ | 19 use | advmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use in a quote | gerund | energy | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient | |||||
| 2 | mean | present | Using | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | turn not said to happen | gerund | Using not said here | useful energy | heat | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent energy=Theme into heat=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | spread out | present | heat | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | is | present | heat not said here | hard property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | use | to-infinitive | heat not said here | again | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:031-energy-what-makes-things-happen.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/31-energy-what-makes-things-happen/4/