Immigration and borders, sentence 11
A refugee has fled war or danger, and asylum is protection given by a country; after Russia's full-scale invasion in 2022, millions of Ukrainians fled abroad, and countries like the UK, Ireland and Canada set up special schemes.
Who acts: refugee, asylum, countries, Russia · What happens: flee, be, give, set up, invade · To what, where: war, protection, Ukrainians, special schemes
This is a sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (refugee, asylum, countries, Russia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 refugee | det |
| 2 | refugee | refugee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 fled | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 fled | aux |
| 4 | fled | flee | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 fled | obj |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 danger | cc |
| 7 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 war | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 protection | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 protection | cc |
| 10 | asylum | asylum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 protection | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 protection | cop |
| 12 | protection | protection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 fled | conj |
| 13 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 protection | acl |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 country | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 country | det |
| 16 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 given | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 invasion | punct |
| 18 | after | after | ADP | _ | 24 invasion | case |
| 19 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 invasion | nmod:poss |
| 20 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 19 Russia | case |
| 21 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 scale | amod |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 full | punct |
| 23 | scale | scale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 invasion | compound |
| 24 | invasion | invasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 fled | conj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 2022 | case |
| 26 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 invasion | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 millions | punct |
| 28 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 invasion | appos |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Ukrainians | case |
| 30 | Ukrainians | ukrainian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 28 millions | nmod |
| 31 | fled | flee | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 30 Ukrainians | acl |
| 32 | abroad | abroad | ADV | _ | 31 fled | advmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 countries | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 countries | cc |
| 35 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 set | nsubj |
| 36 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 UK | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 UK | det |
| 38 | UK | UK | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 countries | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 Ireland | punct |
| 40 | Ireland | Ireland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 UK | conj |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 Canada | cc |
| 42 | Canada | Canada | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 UK | conj |
| 43 | set | set | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 fled | conj |
| 44 | up | up | ADP | _ | 43 set | compound:prt |
| 45 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 schemes | amod |
| 46 | schemes | scheme | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 set | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 fled | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flee | present · perfect | a refugee | war or danger | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme war=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | asylum | protection | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | give | participle | protection not said here | by a country | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | flee | participle | Ukrainians not said here | abroad property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | set up | past | countries like the UK and Ireland and Canada | special schemes | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient scheme=Result | ||||
| 6 | invade | Russia | nom invasion «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/11/