Immigration and borders, sentence 8

People talk about it in their own words: a South African says "just now" for "later" and "lekker" for great, an Indian English speaker may say "prepone" (to move earlier, the opposite of postpone), an Aussie calls a petrol station a "servo", and an American teen says "no cap" for "no lie".

Who acts: People, South African, Indian English speaker, Aussie, American teen · What happens: talk, say, move, call, word · To what, where: own words, prepone, opposite, petrol station, cap · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, South African, Indian English speaker, Aussie), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 talk	nsubj
2	talk	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	about	about	ADP	_	4 it	case
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 talk	obl
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 words	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 words	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 words	amod
8	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 talk	obl
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 says	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 African	det
11	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 African	compound
12	African	African	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 says	nsubj
13	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 talk	parataxis
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 later	punct
15	just	just	ADV	_	16 now	advmod
16	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	20 later	advmod
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 now	punct
18	for	for	ADP	_	20 later	case
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 later	punct
20	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	13 says	advmod
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 later	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 lekker	cc
23	"	"	PUNCT	_	24 lekker	punct
24	lekker	lekker	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 later	conj
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	24 lekker	punct
26	for	for	ADP	_	27 great	case
27	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 lekker	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 say	punct
29	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 speaker	det
30	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 speaker	amod
31	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 speaker	amod
32	speaker	speaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 say	nsubj
33	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	34 say	aux
34	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 lekker	appos
35	"	"	PUNCT	_	36 prepone	punct
36	prepone	prepone	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 say	obj
37	"	"	PUNCT	_	36 prepone	punct
38	(	(	PUNCT	_	40 move	punct
39	to	to	PART	_	40 move	mark
40	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	34 say	conj
41	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	40 move	advmod
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 opposite	punct
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 opposite	det
44	opposite	opposite	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 move	obl
45	of	of	ADP	_	46 postpone	case
46	postpone	postpone	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 opposite	nmod
47	)	)	PUNCT	_	46 postpone	punct
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 calls	punct
49	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	50 Aussie	det
50	Aussie	Aussie	PROPN	Number=Sing	51 calls	nsubj
51	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	40 move	advcl
52	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	54 station	det
53	petrol	petrol	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 station	compound
54	station	station	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 calls	obj
55	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	57 servo	det
56	"	"	PUNCT	_	57 servo	punct
57	servo	servo	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 calls	xcomp
58	"	"	PUNCT	_	57 servo	punct
59	,	,	PUNCT	_	64 says	punct
60	and	and	CCONJ	_	64 says	cc
61	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	63 teen	det
62	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	63 teen	amod
63	teen	teen	NOUN	Number=Sing	64 says	nsubj
64	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	40 move	parataxis
65	"	"	PUNCT	_	67 cap	punct
66	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	67 cap	det
67	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	64 says	obj
68	"	"	PUNCT	_	67 cap	punct
69	for	for	ADP	_	72 lie	case
70	"	"	PUNCT	_	72 lie	punct
71	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	72 lie	det
72	lie	lie	NOUN	Number=Sing	67 cap	obl
73	"	"	PUNCT	_	72 lie	punct
74	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 talk	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	talk	present	People		People's own words	about argument	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic
2	say speech: assert	present	a South African			late property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	say speech: assert	may	a Indian English speaker	prepone			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent prepone=Topic
4	move	to-infinitive	a Indian English speaker not said here	the opposite of postpone		early property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
5	call	present	a Aussie	a petrol station			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent station=Recipient
6	say speech: assert	present	a American teen	no cap			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cap=Topic
7	word		People				nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/8/