Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections, sentence 14

Astroturfing means making a fake crowd look like real support; many accounts made last week that follow nobody are a warning sign.

Who acts: Astroturfing, fake crowd, many accounts · What happens: mean, make, look, follow, be · To what, where: nobody, warning sign · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Astroturfing, fake crowd, many accounts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Astroturfing	Astroturfing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 means	ccomp
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 crowd	det
5	fake	fake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 crowd	amod
6	crowd	crowd	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 look	nsubj
7	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 making	xcomp
8	like	like	ADP	_	10 support	case
9	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 support	amod
10	support	support	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 look	obl
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 made	punct
12	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 accounts	amod
13	accounts	account	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 made	nsubj
14	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 means	conj
15	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 week	amod
16	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 made	obl:unmarked
17	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 follow	nsubj
18	follow	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 accounts	acl:relcl
19	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	18 follow	obj
20	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 sign	cop
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 sign	det
22	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 sign	compound
23	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 means	parataxis
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: changed act=assert

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Astroturfing				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	make	gerund					tree rules
3	look	infinitive	a fake crowd			like real support	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
4	make	past	many accounts		week		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
5	follow	present	many accounts	nobody			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nobody=Theme
6	is a	present		a warning sign			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:032-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/32-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes/14/