Olympiad practice: the hardest cases, sentence 4
Christians believe truthfulness is a likeness to God, who is truth, always joined to love (Ephesians 4:15); nearly everyone agrees honesty should be the rule and exceptions rare and serious.
Who acts: Christians, truthfulness, God, everyone, honesty · What happens: believe, be, join, love, agree · To what, where: likeness, God, truth, rule · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad practice: the hardest cases» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christians, truthfulness, God, everyone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 believe | nsubj |
| 2 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | truthfulness | truthfulness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 likeness | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 likeness | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 likeness | det |
| 6 | likeness | likeness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 believe | ccomp |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 God | case |
| 8 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 likeness | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 truth | punct |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 truth | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 truth | cop |
| 12 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 God | acl:relcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 joined | punct |
| 14 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 15 joined | advmod |
| 15 | joined | join | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 truth | conj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 love | mark |
| 17 | love | love | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 joined | xcomp |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 19 Ephesians | punct |
| 19 | Ephesians | Ephesians | PROPN | Number=Plur | 15 joined | parataxis |
| 20 | 4:15 | 4:15 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 Ephesians | flat |
| 21 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 19 Ephesians | punct |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 agrees | punct |
| 23 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 24 everyone | advmod |
| 24 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 25 agrees | nsubj |
| 25 | agrees | agree | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 believe | parataxis |
| 26 | honesty | honesty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rule | nsubj |
| 27 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 rule | aux |
| 28 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 30 rule | cop |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 rule | det |
| 30 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 agrees | ccomp |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 exceptions | cc |
| 32 | exceptions | exception | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 rule | conj |
| 33 | rare | rare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 exceptions | amod |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 serious | cc |
| 35 | serious | serious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 rare | conj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 believe | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present | Christians | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | truthfulness | a likeness | God | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is a | present | God | truth | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | join | participle | God not said here | always property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | love | to-infinitive | God not said here | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | agree speech: agree | present | everyone | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | is a | should | honesty | the rule and exceptions | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:100-olympiad-practice-the-hardest-cases.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/100-olympiad-practice-the-hardest-cases/4/