Cheating, rules and games, sentence 5
Cheating is breaking the rules in secret to gain an unfair advantage.
Who acts: Cheating · What happens: break, gain · To what, where: rules, secret, unfair advantage
This is a sentence of the lesson «Cheating, rules and games» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cheating), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cheating | cheating | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 breaking | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 breaking | aux |
| 3 | breaking | break | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 rules | det |
| 5 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 breaking | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 secret | case |
| 7 | secret | secret | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 breaking | obl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 gain | mark |
| 9 | gain | gain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 breaking | advcl |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 advantage | det |
| 11 | unfair | unfair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 advantage | amod |
| 12 | advantage | advantage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gain | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 breaking | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed polarity=neg
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | break | present · progressive | Cheating | the rules | secret | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient | |||
| 2 | gain | to-infinitive | Cheating not said here | a unfair advantage | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:044-cheating-rules-and-games.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/44-cheating-rules-and-games/5/