The Sun, our star, sentence 12

Sunspots are darker, cooler patches where strong magnetic fields stop hot gas rising; they look black only because the rest of the Sun is brighter, and many are bigger than the Earth.

Who acts: Sunspots, strong magnetic fields, rest, many · What happens: be, stop, rise, look · To what, where: hot gas

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Sun, our star» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sunspots, strong magnetic fields, rest, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sunspots	sunspot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 darker	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 darker	cop
3	darker	dark	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 patches	punct
5	cooler	cool	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 patches	amod
6	patches	patch	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 darker	obl
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	11 stop	advmod
8	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 fields	amod
9	magnetic	magnetic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 fields	amod
10	fields	field	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 stop	nsubj
11	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 patches	acl:relcl
12	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 gas	amod
13	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 stop	obj
14	rising	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 stop	xcomp
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 look	punct
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 look	nsubj
17	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 darker	conj
18	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 look	xcomp
19	only	only	ADV	_	27 brighter	advmod
20	because	because	SCONJ	_	27 brighter	mark
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 rest	det
22	rest	rest	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 brighter	nsubj
23	of	of	ADP	_	25 Sun	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 Sun	det
25	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 rest	nmod
26	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 brighter	cop
27	brighter	bright	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 look	advcl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 bigger	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 bigger	cc
30	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 bigger	nsubj
31	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 bigger	cop
32	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	27 brighter	conj
33	than	than	ADP	_	35 Earth	case
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 Earth	det
35	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 bigger	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 darker	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Sunspots		cooler patches obl; dark property	tree rules
2	stop	present	strong magnetic fields	hot gas		tree rules
3	rise	gerund	strong magnetic fields not said here			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	look	present	sunspots = sunspot		black property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
5	is	present	the rest of the Sun		bright property	tree rules
6	is	present	many		than the Earth; big property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:001-the-sun-our-star.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/1-the-sun-our-star/12/