Jupiter's moons, sentence 2
Each is different: Io is covered in erupting volcanoes, Europa hides an ocean under its ice, Ganymede is the biggest moon of all, and Callisto is battered with craters.
Who acts: Each, Europa, Ganymede · What happens: be, cover, erupt, hide, batter · To what, where: Io, ocean, ice, biggest moon, Callisto
This is a sentence of the lesson «Jupiter's moons» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Each, Europa, Ganymede), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 different | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 different | cop |
| 3 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 3 different | punct |
| 5 | Io | Io | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 covered | aux:pass |
| 7 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 different | parataxis |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 volcanoes | case |
| 9 | erupting | erupt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 volcanoes | amod |
| 10 | volcanoes | volcano | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 covered | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 hides | punct |
| 12 | Europa | Europa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 hides | nsubj |
| 13 | hides | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 covered | conj |
| 14 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 ocean | det |
| 15 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 hides | obj |
| 16 | under | under | ADP | _ | 18 ice | case |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 ice | nmod:poss |
| 18 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 hides | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 moon | punct |
| 20 | Ganymede | Ganymede | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 moon | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 moon | cop |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 moon | det |
| 23 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 24 moon | amod |
| 24 | moon | moon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 different | parataxis |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 all | case |
| 26 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 moon | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 battered | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 battered | cc |
| 29 | Callisto | Callisto | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 battered | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 battered | aux:pass |
| 31 | battered | batter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 different | conj |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 craters | case |
| 33 | craters | crater | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 battered | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 different | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Each | different property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | cover | present · passive | Io | in erupting volcanoes | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in volcano=Theme | ||||
| 3 | erupt | gerund | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | hide | present | Europa | a ocean | ocean's ice | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent ocean=Patient under ice=Location | |||
| 5 | is a | present | Ganymede | the biggest moon | of all | tree rules | |||
| 6 | batter | present · passive | Callisto | with craters | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with crater=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:011-jupiters-moons.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/11-jupiters-moons/2/