How stars die, sentence 0
When a star like the Sun runs short of hydrogen in its core, it swells into a red giant hundreds of times wider; in about 5 billion years the Sun will do this, swallowing Mercury and Venus and possibly the Earth.
Who acts: star, Sun · What happens: run, swell, do, swallow · To what, where: core, red giant, this, Mercury
This is a sentence of the lesson «How stars die» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (star, Sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 runs | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 star | det |
| 3 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 runs | nsubj |
| 4 | like | like | ADP | _ | 6 Sun | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Sun | det |
| 6 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 star | nmod |
| 7 | runs | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 swells | advcl |
| 8 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 runs | xcomp |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 hydrogen | case |
| 10 | hydrogen | hydrogen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 short | obl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 core | case |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 core | nmod:poss |
| 13 | core | core | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 runs | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 runs | punct |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 swells | nsubj |
| 16 | swells | swell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | into | into | ADP | _ | 21 hundreds | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 giant | det |
| 19 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 giant | amod |
| 20 | giant | giant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 swells | obl |
| 21 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 swells | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 times | case |
| 23 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 hundreds | nmod |
| 24 | wider | wide | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 23 times | advmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 do | punct |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 years | case |
| 27 | about | about | ADV | _ | 29 billion | advmod |
| 28 | 5 | 5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 billion | compound |
| 29 | billion | billion | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 years | nummod |
| 30 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 do | obl |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Sun | det |
| 32 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 do | nsubj |
| 33 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 do | aux |
| 34 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 swells | parataxis |
| 35 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 34 do | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 swallowing | punct |
| 37 | swallowing | swallow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 do | advcl |
| 38 | Mercury | Mercury | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 swallowing | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 Venus | cc |
| 40 | Venus | Venus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Mercury | conj |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 Earth | cc |
| 42 | possibly | possibly | ADV | _ | 44 Earth | advmod |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 Earth | det |
| 44 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Mercury | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 swells | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- hedged
- yes
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | present | a star like the Sun | star's core | short property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in core=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | swell | present | star | a red giant | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient hundred=Extent | ||||
| 3 | do | future | the Sun | this | year | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | swallow | gerund | the Sun not said here | Mercury and Venus and the Earth | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mercury=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:019-how-stars-die.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/19-how-stars-die/0/