How the Solar System was born, sentence 12
Scientists think the Moon formed when a Mars-sized body, nicknamed Theia, smashed into the young Earth and threw out debris that gathered into the Moon; this is the leading idea, not proven beyond doubt.
Who acts: Scientists, Moon, sized body, debris, this · What happens: think, form, size, nickname, smash, throw out · To what, where: young Earth, debris, Moon, leading idea · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How the Solar System was born» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scientists, Moon, sized body, debris), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 think | nsubj |
| 2 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Moon | det |
| 4 | Moon | Moon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 formed | nsubj |
| 5 | formed | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 think | ccomp |
| 6 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 16 smashed | mark |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 body | det |
| 8 | Mars | Mars | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 sized | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 Mars | punct |
| 10 | sized | size | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 body | amod |
| 11 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 smashed | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Theia | punct |
| 13 | nicknamed | nickname | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 Theia | amod |
| 14 | Theia | theia | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 body | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 smashed | punct |
| 16 | smashed | smash | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 formed | advcl |
| 17 | into | into | ADP | _ | 20 Earth | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Earth | det |
| 19 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Earth | amod |
| 20 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 smashed | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 threw | cc |
| 22 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 smashed | conj |
| 23 | out | out | ADP | _ | 22 threw | compound:prt |
| 24 | debris | debris | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 threw | obj |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 gathered | nsubj |
| 26 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 debris | acl:relcl |
| 27 | into | into | ADP | _ | 29 Moon | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Moon | det |
| 29 | Moon | Moon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 gathered | obl |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 idea | punct |
| 31 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 35 idea | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 idea | cop |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 idea | det |
| 34 | leading | lead | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 idea | amod |
| 35 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 think | parataxis |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 proven | punct |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 proven | advmod |
| 38 | proven | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 idea | acl |
| 39 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 40 doubt | case |
| 40 | doubt | doubt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 proven | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 think | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | present | Scientists | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | form | past | the Moon | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | size | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | nickname | participle | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | smash | past | a sized body and nicknamed Theia | into the young Earth result | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into earth=Result | ||||
| 6 | throw out | past | a sized body and nicknamed Theia not said here | debris | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent debris=Theme | ||||
| 7 | gather | past | debris | the Moon | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 8 | lead | gerund | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | ||||||
| 9 | is a | present | this | the leading idea | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | not prove | participle | the leading idea not said here | beyond doubt | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:002-how-the-solar-system-was-born.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/2-how-the-solar-system-was-born/12/