Constellations and the night sky in winter and spring, sentence 7
The evening constellations change through the year because the Earth moves round the Sun, so at night we face a different part of space each season; in summer Orion is up in the daytime sky, hidden by sunlight.
Who acts: evening constellations, Earth, we, Orion · What happens: change, move, face, be, hide · To what, where: Sun, different part, daytime sky
This is a sentence of the lesson «Constellations and the night sky in winter and spring» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (evening constellations, Earth, we, Orion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 constellations | det |
| 2 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 constellations | compound |
| 3 | constellations | constellation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 change | nsubj |
| 4 | change | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 7 year | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 year | det |
| 7 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 change | obl |
| 8 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 11 moves | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Earth | det |
| 10 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 moves | nsubj |
| 11 | moves | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 change | advcl |
| 12 | round | round | ADP | _ | 14 Sun | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Sun | det |
| 14 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 moves | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 face | punct |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 face | advmod |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 night | case |
| 18 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 face | obl |
| 19 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 face | nsubj |
| 20 | face | face | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 change | parataxis |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 part | det |
| 22 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 part | amod |
| 23 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 face | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 space | case |
| 25 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 part | nmod |
| 26 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 season | det |
| 27 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 face | obl |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 up | punct |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 summer | case |
| 30 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 up | obl |
| 31 | Orion | orion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 up | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 up | cop |
| 33 | up | up | ADV | _ | 4 change | conj |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 sky | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 sky | det |
| 36 | daytime | daytime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 sky | compound |
| 37 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 up | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 hidden | punct |
| 39 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 sky | acl |
| 40 | by | by | ADP | _ | 41 sunlight | case |
| 41 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 hidden | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 change | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | the evening constellations | year | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | move | present | the Earth | the Sun | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme round sun=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | face | present | we | a different part of space | night; season | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent part=Destination | |||
| 4 | is | present | Orion | the daytime sky | summer | up property | tree rules | ||
| 5 | hide | participle | the daytime sky not said here | by sunlight | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by sunlight=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:020-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/20-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring/7/