How we know: measuring the sky, sentence 13

In 1925 Cecilia Payne showed from star spectra that stars are made mostly of hydrogen and helium, a finding other astronomers at first refused to accept.

Who acts: Cecilia, other astronomers · What happens: show, make, refuse, not accept · To what, where: 1925, stars, finding · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cecilia, other astronomers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 1925	case
2	1925	1925	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 showed	obl
3	Cecilia	Cecilia	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 showed	nsubj
4	Payne	Payne	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Cecilia	flat
5	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 spectra	case
7	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 spectra	compound
8	spectra	spectra	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 showed	obl
9	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 made	mark
10	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 made	nsubj:pass
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 made	aux:pass
12	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 showed	ccomp
13	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	15 hydrogen	advmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 hydrogen	case
15	hydrogen	hydrogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 made	obl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 helium	cc
17	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 hydrogen	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 finding	punct
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 finding	det
20	finding	finding	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 helium	appos
21	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 astronomers	amod
22	astronomers	astronomer	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 refused	nsubj
23	at	at	ADP	_	24 first	case
24	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	25 refused	obl
25	refused	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 finding	acl:relcl
26	to	to	PART	_	27 accept	mark
27	accept	accept	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 refused	xcomp
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 showed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	show	past	Cecilia		1925	from star spectra	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	make	present · passive		stars		of hydrogen and helium	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
3	refuse	past	other astronomers	a finding not said here			tree rules
4	not accept	to-infinitive	other astronomers not said here				vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/13/