How we know: measuring the sky, sentence 14

Light from a galaxy moving away from us is stretched to redder colours, called redshift, and the amount tells how fast it is moving.

Who acts: galaxy, redder colours, amount · What happens: move away, stretch, call, tell, move · To what, where: Light, redshift · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (galaxy, redder colours, amount), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 stretched	nsubj:pass
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 galaxy	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 galaxy	det
4	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Light	nmod
5	moving	move	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 galaxy	acl
6	away	away	ADV	_	5 moving	advmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 us	case
8	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 moving	obl
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 stretched	aux:pass
10	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 colours	case
12	redder	redder	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	13 colours	amod
13	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 stretched	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 called	punct
15	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 colours	acl
16	redshift	redshift	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 called	xcomp
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 tells	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 tells	cc
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 amount	det
20	amount	amount	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 tells	nsubj
21	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 stretched	conj
22	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	23 fast	advmod
23	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	26 moving	advmod
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 moving	nsubj
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 moving	aux
26	moving	move	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	21 tells	ccomp
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 stretched	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	move away	gerund	a galaxy not said here		from us; away property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from we=Trajectory
2	stretch	present · passive		Light from a galaxy	to redder colours result	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient to colour=Result
3	call	participle	redder colours not said here	redshift		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	tell speech: assert	present	the amount			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	move	present · progressive	amount		fast property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/14/