The history of space exploration, sentence 12
NASA's Space Shuttles flew from 1981 to 2011, but two were lost with their crews, Challenger in 1986 and Columbia in 2003; after 2011 Russian Soyuz capsules, and later SpaceX capsules, kept taking crews to the space station.
Who acts: Space Shuttles, 2011 Russian Soyuz capsules · What happens: fly, lose, keep, take · To what, where: 1981, two, 1986, crews, space station
This is a sentence of the lesson «The history of space exploration» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Space Shuttles, 2011 Russian Soyuz capsules), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | NASA | NASA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Shuttles | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 NASA | case |
| 3 | Space | Space | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Shuttles | compound |
| 4 | Shuttles | shuttle | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 flew | nsubj |
| 5 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 1981 | case |
| 7 | 1981 | 1981 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 flew | obl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 2011 | case |
| 9 | 2011 | 2011 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 1981 | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 lost | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 lost | cc |
| 12 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 lost | aux:pass |
| 14 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 flew | conj |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 crews | case |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 crews | nmod:poss |
| 17 | crews | crew | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 lost | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Challenger | punct |
| 19 | Challenger | Challenger | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 crews | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 1986 | case |
| 21 | 1986 | 1986 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 lost | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 Columbia | cc |
| 23 | Columbia | Columbia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 1986 | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 2003 | case |
| 25 | 2003 | 2003 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 1986 | nmod |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 capsules | punct |
| 27 | after | after | ADP | _ | 31 capsules | case |
| 28 | 2011 | 2011 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 capsules | nummod |
| 29 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 capsules | amod |
| 30 | Soyuz | soyuz | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 capsules | compound |
| 31 | capsules | capsule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 kept | nsubj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 capsules | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 capsules | cc |
| 34 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 36 capsules | advmod |
| 35 | SpaceX | SpaceX | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 capsules | compound |
| 36 | capsules | capsule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 capsules | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 kept | punct |
| 38 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 flew | conj |
| 39 | taking | take | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 38 kept | xcomp |
| 40 | crews | crew | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 taking | obj |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 44 station | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 station | det |
| 43 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 station | compound |
| 44 | station | station | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 taking | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 flew | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | past | NASA's Space Shuttles | 1981 to 2011 | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from 1981=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | lose | past · passive | two | 1986 in 2003 and Columbia | with Shuttles's crews and Challenger | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | keep | past | 2011 Russian Soyuz capsules and SpaceX capsules | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | take | gerund | 2011 Russian Soyuz capsules and SpaceX capsules not said here | crews | the space station | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent crew=Theme to station=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:029-the-history-of-space-exploration.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/29-the-history-of-space-exploration/12/