Chocolate and sweets, sentence 15
Chewing gum is a rubbery gum base kneaded with sugar or sweetener and flavour; long ago people chewed a tree sap called chicle, and most gum base today is made in factories; spat gum on pavements costs towns a lot to clean.
Who acts: Chewing gum, people, tree sap, spat gum · What happens: be, knead, chew, call, make, cost · To what, where: rubbery gum base, tree sap, chicle, most gum base, factories, lot · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Chocolate and sweets» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chewing gum, people, tree sap, spat gum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chewing | chewing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 gum | compound |
| 2 | gum | gum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 base | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 base | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 base | det |
| 5 | rubbery | rubbery | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 base | amod |
| 6 | gum | gum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 base | compound |
| 7 | base | base | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 costs | parataxis |
| 8 | kneaded | knead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 base | acl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 sugar | case |
| 10 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 kneaded | obl |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 sweetener | cc |
| 12 | sweetener | sweetener | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sugar | conj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 flavour | cc |
| 14 | flavour | flavour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sugar | conj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 chewed | punct |
| 16 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 ago | advmod |
| 17 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 19 chewed | advmod |
| 18 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 chewed | nsubj |
| 19 | chewed | chew | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 costs | parataxis |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 sap | det |
| 21 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 sap | compound |
| 22 | sap | sap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 chewed | obj |
| 23 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 sap | acl |
| 24 | chicle | chicle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 called | xcomp |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 made | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 made | cc |
| 27 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 29 base | amod |
| 28 | gum | gum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 base | compound |
| 29 | base | base | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 made | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | today | today | ADV | _ | 32 made | obl:unmarked |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 made | aux:pass |
| 32 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 costs | advcl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 factories | case |
| 34 | factories | factory | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 made | obl |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 gum | punct |
| 36 | spat | spat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 gum | compound |
| 37 | gum | gum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 costs | nsubj |
| 38 | on | on | ADP | _ | 39 pavements | case |
| 39 | pavements | pavement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 gum | nmod |
| 40 | costs | cost | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 41 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 costs | iobj |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 lot | det |
| 43 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 costs | obj |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 clean | mark |
| 45 | clean | clean | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 lot | acl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 base | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Chewing gum | a rubbery gum base | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | knead | participle | a rubbery gum base not said here | with sugar or sweetener and flavour | vn touch-20 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with sugar=Instrument | ||||
| 3 | chew | past | people | a tree sap | ago property | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sap=Patient | |||
| 4 | call | participle | a tree sap not said here | chicle | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | make | present · passive | most gum base | factories | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 6 | cost | present | spat gum on pavements | a lot | towns | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme town=Beneficiary lot=Value | |||
| 7 | clean | to-infinitive | spat gum on pavements not said here | a lot not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:002-chocolate-and-sweets.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/2-chocolate-and-sweets/15/