Buses, trams, lorries and traffic lights, sentence 2
Big vehicles have big rules: a tram runs on rails and cannot swerve, and a lorry is so long it swings wide on corners and needs a long way to stop.
Who acts: Big vehicles, tram, lorry, tap · What happens: have, run, not swerve, be, swing, need · To what, where: big rules, rails, corners, long way
This is a sentence of the lesson «Buses, trams, lorries and traffic lights» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Big vehicles, tram, lorry, tap), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 vehicles | amod |
| 2 | vehicles | vehicle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 rules | amod |
| 5 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | obj |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 runs | punct |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 tram | det |
| 8 | tram | tram | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 runs | nsubj |
| 9 | runs | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 have | parataxis |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 rails | case |
| 11 | rails | rail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 runs | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 swerve | cc |
| 13 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 swerve | aux |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 swerve | advmod |
| 15 | swerve | swerve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 runs | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 long | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 long | cc |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 lorry | det |
| 19 | lorry | lorry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 long | nsubj |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 long | cop |
| 21 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 long | advmod |
| 22 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 have | conj |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 swings | nsubj |
| 24 | swings | swing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 long | advcl |
| 25 | wide | wide | ADV | _ | 24 swings | advmod |
| 26 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 corners | case |
| 27 | corners | corner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 swings | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 needs | cc |
| 29 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 swings | conj |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 way | det |
| 31 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 way | amod |
| 32 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 needs | obj |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 stop | mark |
| 34 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 way | acl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Big vehicles | big rules | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient | ||||
| 2 | run | present | a tram | rails | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on rail=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | not swerve | can | a tram not said here | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is | present | a lorry | long property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | swing | present | tap | corners | wide property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on corner=Trajectory | |||
| 6 | need | present | tap not said here | a long way | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot way=Theme | ||||
| 7 | stop | to-infinitive | tap not said here | a long way not said here | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:020-buses-trams-lorries-and-traffic-lights.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/20-buses-trams-lorries-and-traffic-lights/2/