Bicycles and other wheels, sentence 15
A puncture is a hole that lets air out of the inner tube; dip the pumped-up tube in water and bubbles show where the hole is, then it can be patched or the tube replaced.
Who acts: puncture, hole, bubbles, tube · What happens: be, let, dip, pump up, show, replace · To what, where: hole, air, inner tube, pumped tube, water · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bicycles and other wheels» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (puncture, hole, bubbles, tube), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 puncture | det |
| 2 | puncture | puncture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hole | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hole | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 hole | det |
| 5 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 lets | nsubj |
| 7 | lets | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hole | acl:relcl |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lets | obj |
| 9 | out | out | ADP | _ | 13 tube | case |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 tube | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 tube | det |
| 12 | inner | inner | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 tube | amod |
| 13 | tube | tube | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lets | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 dip | punct |
| 15 | dip | dip | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 hole | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 tube | det |
| 17 | pumped | pump | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 tube | amod |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 up | punct |
| 19 | up | up | ADP | _ | 17 pumped | compound:prt |
| 20 | tube | tube | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dip | obj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 water | case |
| 22 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dip | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 show | cc |
| 24 | bubbles | bubble | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 show | nsubj |
| 25 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 dip | conj |
| 26 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 35 patched | advmod |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 hole | det |
| 28 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 patched | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 patched | cop |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 patched | punct |
| 31 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 35 patched | advmod |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 patched | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 patched | aux |
| 34 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 35 patched | aux:pass |
| 35 | patched | patch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 show | ccomp |
| 36 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 35 patched | cc |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 tube | det |
| 38 | tube | tube | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 replaced | nsubj |
| 39 | replaced | replace | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 patched | conj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 hole | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a puncture | a hole | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | let | present | a hole | air | the inner tube | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | |||
| 3 | dip | infinitive | a puncture not said here | the pumped tube | water | vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent tube=Theme in water=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | pump up | participle | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | show | present | bubbles | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | is | can · present · passive | the hole | then | patch property | tree rules | |||
| 7 | replace | participle | the tube | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:025-bicycles-and-other-wheels.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R4-particle ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/25-bicycles-and-other-wheels/15/