Tunnels and what lies under the street, sentence 14
Sewers are big underground tunnels that carry dirty water and rain to treatment works; London's main sewers were built in the 1860s by Joseph Bazalgette and helped end the city's outbreaks of cholera, a deadly illness spread by dirty water.
Who acts: Sewers, big underground tunnels, Joseph · What happens: be, carry, build, help, end, spread · To what, where: big underground tunnels, dirty water, treatment works, main sewers, 1860s, outbreaks
This is a sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sewers, big underground tunnels, Joseph), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sewers | sewer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 tunnels | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 tunnels | cop |
| 3 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tunnels | amod |
| 4 | underground | underground | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tunnels | amod |
| 5 | tunnels | tunnel | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 carry | nsubj |
| 7 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 tunnels | acl:relcl |
| 8 | dirty | dirty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 water | amod |
| 9 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 carry | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 rain | cc |
| 11 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 water | conj |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 works | case |
| 13 | treatment | treatment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 works | compound |
| 14 | works | work | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 carry | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 sewers | punct |
| 16 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 sewers | nmod:poss |
| 17 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 16 London | case |
| 18 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 sewers | amod |
| 19 | sewers | sewer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 built | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 built | aux:pass |
| 21 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 tunnels | parataxis |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 1860s | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 1860s | det |
| 24 | 1860s | 1860 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 21 built | obl |
| 25 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 Joseph | case |
| 26 | Joseph | Joseph | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 built | obl:agent |
| 27 | Bazalgette | Bazalgette | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Joseph | flat |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 helped | cc |
| 29 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 built | conj |
| 30 | end | end | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 helped | xcomp |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 city | det |
| 32 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 outbreaks | nmod:poss |
| 33 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 32 city | case |
| 34 | outbreaks | outbreak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 end | obj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 cholera | case |
| 36 | cholera | cholera | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 outbreaks | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 illness | punct |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 illness | det |
| 39 | deadly | deadly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 illness | amod |
| 40 | illness | illness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 outbreaks | conj |
| 41 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 illness | acl |
| 42 | by | by | ADP | _ | 44 water | case |
| 43 | dirty | dirty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 water | amod |
| 44 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 spread | obl:agent |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 tunnels | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Sewers | big underground tunnels | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | carry | present | big underground tunnels | dirty water and rain | treatment works | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme to work=Destination | |||
| 3 | build | past · passive | Joseph | London's main sewers | the 1860s | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product | |||
| 4 | help | past | Joseph not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | end | infinitive | Joseph not said here | the city's outbreaks of cholera and a deadly illness | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality outbreak=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | spread | participle | a deadly illness not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/14/