Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy, sentence 12
Cereal flakes are cooked grains squashed flat between heavy rollers and toasted; puffed grains are heated under pressure and then released so they pop; cornflakes were invented in the 1890s at a health resort in the USA.
Who acts: Cereal flakes, grains · What happens: cook, be, squash, toast, puff, heat · To what, where: cooked grains, heavy rollers, puffed grains, pressure, cornflakes, 1890s
This is a sentence of the lesson «Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cereal flakes, grains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cereal | cereal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 flakes | compound |
| 2 | flakes | flake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 grains | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 grains | cop |
| 4 | cooked | cook | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 grains | amod |
| 5 | grains | grain | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | squashed | squash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 grains | acl |
| 7 | flat | flat | ADV | _ | 6 squashed | advmod |
| 8 | between | between | ADP | _ | 10 rollers | case |
| 9 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 rollers | amod |
| 10 | rollers | roller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 squashed | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 toasted | cc |
| 12 | toasted | toast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 squashed | conj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 heated | punct |
| 14 | puffed | puff | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 grains | amod |
| 15 | grains | grain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 heated | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 heated | aux:pass |
| 17 | heated | heat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 grains | parataxis |
| 18 | under | under | ADP | _ | 19 pressure | case |
| 19 | pressure | pressure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 heated | obl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 released | cc |
| 21 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 22 released | advmod |
| 22 | released | release | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 heated | conj |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 pop | advmod |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 pop | nsubj |
| 25 | pop | pop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 released | advcl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 invented | punct |
| 27 | cornflakes | cornflake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 invented | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 invented | aux:pass |
| 29 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 heated | conj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 1890s | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 1890s | det |
| 32 | 1890s | 1890 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 29 invented | obl |
| 33 | at | at | ADP | _ | 36 resort | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 resort | det |
| 35 | health | health | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 resort | compound |
| 36 | resort | resort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 invented | obl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 USA | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 USA | det |
| 39 | USA | USA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 resort | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 grains | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cook | participle | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | Cereal flakes | cooked grains | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | squash | participle | cooked grains not said here | heavy rollers | flat property | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent between roller=Destination | |||
| 4 | toast | participle | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 5 | puff | participle | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source | ||||||
| 6 | heat | present · passive | puffed grains | pressure | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 7 | release | participle | then | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer | |||||
| 8 | pop | present | grains = grain | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 9 | invent | past · passive | cornflakes | the 1890s | at a health resort in the USA | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:003-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/12/