Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy, sentence 13
Yoghurt is milk heated to kill germs and then kept warm for hours with friendly bacteria that thicken it; the bacteria are alive, and the fridge keeps the yoghurt from going off.
Who acts: friendly bacteria, bacteria, fridge · What happens: heat, kill, keep, thicken, be, go off · To what, where: Yoghurt, germs
This is a sentence of the lesson «Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friendly bacteria, bacteria, fridge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yoghurt | yoghurt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heated | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 heated | aux:pass |
| 3 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heated | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | heated | heat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 kill | mark |
| 6 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 heated | advcl |
| 7 | germs | germ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 kill | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 kept | cc |
| 9 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 10 kept | advmod |
| 10 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 heated | conj |
| 11 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 kept | xcomp |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 13 hours | case |
| 13 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 kept | obl |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 bacteria | case |
| 15 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 bacteria | amod |
| 16 | bacteria | bacteria | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 kept | obl |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 thicken | nsubj |
| 18 | thicken | thicken | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 bacteria | acl:relcl |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 thicken | obj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 alive | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 bacteria | det |
| 22 | bacteria | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 alive | nsubj |
| 23 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 alive | cop |
| 24 | alive | alive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 heated | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 keeps | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 keeps | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 fridge | det |
| 28 | fridge | fridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 keeps | nsubj |
| 29 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 alive | conj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 yoghurt | det |
| 31 | yoghurt | yoghurt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 keeps | obj |
| 32 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 33 going | mark |
| 33 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 keeps | advcl |
| 34 | off | off | ADP | _ | 33 going | compound:prt |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heated | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | heat | present · passive | Yoghurt | milk obl:unmarked | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | kill | to-infinitive | germs | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme | |||||
| 3 | keep | participle | then; hour | with friendly bacteria; warm property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | thicken | present | friendly bacteria | yoghurt | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is | present | the bacteria | alive property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | keep | present | the fridge | the yoghurt | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yoghurt=Theme | ||||
| 7 | go off | gerund | the fridge not said here | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:003-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/13/