Pencils, paper and school things, sentence 12
An eraser is rubber or plastic mixed with a gritty powder; rubbing picks up the graphite and the eraser crumbles away with it; before erasers, people rubbed out pencil with bread.
Who acts: eraser, rubbing, people · What happens: be, mix, pick up, crumble away, rub out · To what, where: rubber, graphite, pencil, erasers
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pencils, paper and school things» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eraser, rubbing, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 eraser | det |
| 2 | eraser | eraser | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 rubber | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 rubber | cop |
| 4 | rubber | rubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 6 plastic | cc |
| 6 | plastic | plastic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 rubber | conj |
| 7 | mixed | mix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 rubber | acl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 powder | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 powder | det |
| 10 | gritty | gritty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 powder | amod |
| 11 | powder | powder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 mixed | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 rubbing | punct |
| 13 | rubbing | rub | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 picks | nsubj |
| 14 | picks | pick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 rubber | parataxis |
| 15 | up | up | ADP | _ | 14 picks | compound:prt |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 graphite | det |
| 17 | graphite | graphite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 picks | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 crumbles | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 eraser | det |
| 20 | eraser | eraser | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 crumbles | nsubj |
| 21 | crumbles | crumble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 picks | conj |
| 22 | away | away | ADV | _ | 21 crumbles | advmod |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 it | case |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 crumbles | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 erasers | punct |
| 26 | before | before | ADP | _ | 27 erasers | case |
| 27 | erasers | eraser | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 rubbed | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 people | punct |
| 29 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 rubbed | nsubj |
| 30 | rubbed | rub | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 rubber | parataxis |
| 31 | out | out | ADP | _ | 30 rubbed | compound:prt |
| 32 | pencil | pencil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rubbed | obj |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 bread | case |
| 34 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rubbed | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 rubber | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a eraser | rubber or plastic | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | mix | participle | rubber or plastic not said here | with a gritty powder | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with powder=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | pick up | present | rubbing | the graphite | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent graphite=Topic | ||||
| 4 | crumble away | present | the eraser | with rubbing = rub; away property | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with it=Instrument | ||||
| 5 | rub out | past | people | pencil | erasers | with bread | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pencil=Theme before eraser=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:006-pencils-paper-and-school-things.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/6-pencils-paper-and-school-things/12/