Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms, sentence 4

Clouds form when moist air rises and cools; when the droplets grow heavy they fall as rain, and when the cloud is cold enough the water falls as snow or hail.

Who acts: Clouds, moist air, droplets, cloud, water · What happens: form, rise, cool, grow, fall, be

This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather: pressure, wind, clouds and storms» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Clouds, moist air, droplets, cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 form	nsubj
2	form	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 rises	advmod
4	moist	moist	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 air	amod
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rises	nsubj
6	rises	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 form	advcl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 cools	cc
8	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rises	conj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 fall	punct
10	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 grow	advmod
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 droplets	det
12	droplets	droplet	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 grow	nsubj
13	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 fall	advcl
14	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 grow	xcomp
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 fall	nsubj
16	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 form	advcl
17	as	as	ADP	_	18 rain	case
18	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 fall	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 falls	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 falls	cc
21	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	29 falls	advmod
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 cloud	det
23	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 cold	nsubj
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 cold	cop
25	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 falls	advcl
26	enough	enough	ADV	_	25 cold	advmod
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 water	det
28	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 falls	nsubj
29	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 fall	conj
30	as	as	ADP	_	31 snow	case
31	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 falls	obl
32	or	or	CCONJ	_	33 hail	cc
33	hail	hail	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 snow	conj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 form	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	form	present	Clouds		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	rise	present	moist air		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	cool	present	moist air not said here		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	grow	present	the droplets	heavy property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	fall	present	droplets = droplet	as rain	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	is	present	the cloud	cold, enough property	tree rules
7	fall	present	the water	as snow or hail	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:015-weather.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/15-weather/4/