Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts, sentence 3

Rain falls when moist air rises and cools; where air cannot rise, rain does not fall, even beside an ocean: along the coasts of Chile and Namibia a cold sea current chills the air from below, the cool air stays low, and the Atacama and Namib deserts lie right next to the water.

Who acts: Rain, moist air, air, cold sea current, cool air, Atacama deserts · What happens: fall, rise, cool, not rise, not fall, chill · To what, where: ocean, air

This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rain, moist air, air, cold sea current), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 falls	nsubj
2	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	when	when	SCONJ	_	6 rises	mark
4	moist	moist	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 air	amod
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rises	nsubj
6	rises	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 falls	advcl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 cools	cc
8	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rises	conj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 rise	punct
10	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	14 rise	advmod
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 rise	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 rise	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 rise	advmod
14	rise	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 falls	parataxis
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 fall	punct
16	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 fall	nsubj
17	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 fall	aux
18	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	19 fall	advmod
19	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 rise	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 ocean	punct
21	even	even	ADV	_	24 ocean	advmod
22	beside	beside	ADP	_	24 ocean	case
23	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 ocean	det
24	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 fall	obl
25	:	:	PUNCT	_	28 coasts	punct
26	along	along	ADP	_	28 coasts	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 coasts	det
28	coasts	coast	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 chills	obl
29	of	of	ADP	_	30 Chile	case
30	Chile	Chile	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 coasts	nmod
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 Namibia	cc
32	Namibia	namibia	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 Chile	conj
33	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 current	det
34	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 current	amod
35	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 current	compound
36	current	current	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 chills	nsubj
37	chills	chill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 fall	conj
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 air	det
39	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 chills	obj
40	from	from	ADP	_	41 below	case
41	below	below	ADV	_	37 chills	obl
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 stays	punct
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 air	det
44	cool	cool	ADJ	Degree=Pos	45 air	amod
45	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 stays	nsubj
46	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 falls	conj
47	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 stays	xcomp
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	55 lie	punct
49	and	and	CCONJ	_	55 lie	cc
50	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	54 deserts	det
51	Atacama	Atacama	PROPN	Number=Sing	54 deserts	compound
52	and	and	CCONJ	_	53 Namib	cc
53	Namib	Namib	PROPN	Number=Sing	51 Atacama	conj
54	deserts	desert	NOUN	Number=Plur	55 lie	nsubj
55	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 falls	conj
56	right	right	ADV	_	57 next	advmod
57	next	next	ADV	_	55 lie	advmod
58	to	to	ADP	_	60 water	case
59	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	60 water	det
60	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 lie	obl
61	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 falls	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fall	present	Rain				vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	rise	present	moist air				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	cool	present	moist air not said here				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	not rise	can	air				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	not fall	present · do-support	rain		a ocean		vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beside ocean=Location
6	chill	present	a cold sea current	the air		along the coasts of Chile and Namibia	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus air=Experiencer
7	stay	present	the cool air			low property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	lie	present	the Atacama deserts			to the water; next property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/3/