Energy — where it comes from and how to save it, sentence 8

Saving energy means wasting less: switching off lights and screens, closing doors to keep heat in, walking or cycling instead of driving short distances.

Who acts: Saving · What happens: save, mean, waste, switch off, close, keep in · To what, where: energy, less, lights, doors, heat, short distances · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Energy — where it comes from and how to save it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saving), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Saving	save	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 means	csubj
2	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Saving	obj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	wasting	waste	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 means	ccomp
5	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 wasting	obj
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 switching	punct
7	switching	switch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 wasting	conj
8	off	off	ADP	_	7 switching	compound:prt
9	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 switching	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 screens	cc
11	screens	screen	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 lights	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 closing	punct
13	closing	close	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 switching	conj
14	doors	door	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 closing	obj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 keep	mark
16	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 closing	advcl
17	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 keep	obj
18	in	in	ADP	_	16 keep	compound:prt
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 walking	punct
20	walking	walk	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 wasting	conj
21	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 walking	cc
22	cycling	cycle	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	20 walking	conj
23	instead	instead	ADV	_	22 cycling	advmod
24	of	of	ADP	_	23 instead	fixed
25	driving	drive	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	22 cycling	advcl
26	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 distances	amod
27	distances	distance	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 driving	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 means	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	save	gerund		energy		vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
2	mean	present	Saving			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	waste	gerund		less		vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent less=Patient
4	switch off	gerund		lights and screens		vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient
5	close	gerund		doors		vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient
6	keep in	to-infinitive		heat		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme
7	walk	gerund				vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	cycle	gerund			instead property	vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
9	drive	gerund		short distances		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme distance=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:056-energy.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/56-energy/8/