Clouds, rain, snow and hail, sentence 7

On clear calm nights the ground cools, and water vapour from the air condenses on cold grass as dew; when the grass is below freezing, the vapour turns straight into ice crystals called frost.

Who acts: ground, water vapour, grass, vapour, ice crystals · What happens: cool, condense, be, turn, call · To what, where: cold grass, freezing, ice crystals, frost · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground, water vapour, grass, vapour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	4 nights	case
2	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 nights	amod
3	calm	calm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 nights	amod
4	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 cools	obl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ground	det
6	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cools	nsubj
7	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 turns	advcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 condenses	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 condenses	cc
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 vapour	compound
11	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 condenses	nsubj
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 air	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 air	det
14	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 vapour	nmod
15	condenses	condense	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 cools	conj
16	on	on	ADP	_	18 grass	case
17	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 grass	amod
18	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 condenses	obl
19	as	as	ADP	_	20 dew	case
20	dew	dew	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 condenses	obl
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 freezing	punct
22	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	27 freezing	advmod
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 grass	det
24	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 freezing	nsubj
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 freezing	cop
26	below	below	ADP	_	27 freezing	case
27	freezing	freezing	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 turns	advcl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 turns	punct
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 vapour	det
30	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 turns	nsubj
31	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
32	straight	straight	ADV	_	35 crystals	advmod
33	into	into	ADP	_	35 crystals	case
34	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 crystals	compound
35	crystals	crystal	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 turns	obl
36	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	35 crystals	acl
37	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 called	xcomp
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 cools	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	present	the ground			night		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	condense	present	water vapour from the air		cold grass		as dew	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	is	present	the grass		freezing			tree rules
4	turn	present	the vapour		ice crystals			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into crystal=Trajectory
5	call	participle	ice crystals not said here	frost				vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/7/