Explorers and how the world was mapped, sentence 13
Polynesian navigators crossed the Pacific by reading the stars, the waves and the flight of birds.
Who acts: Polynesian navigators · What happens: cross, read · To what, where: Pacific, stars
This is a sentence of the lesson «Explorers and how the world was mapped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polynesian navigators), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Polynesian | polynesian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 navigators | amod |
| 2 | navigators | navigator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 crossed | nsubj |
| 3 | crossed | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Pacific | det |
| 5 | Pacific | Pacific | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 crossed | obj |
| 6 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 7 reading | mark |
| 7 | reading | read | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 crossed | advcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 stars | det |
| 9 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 reading | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 waves | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 waves | det |
| 12 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 stars | conj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 flight | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 flight | det |
| 15 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 stars | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 birds | case |
| 17 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 flight | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 crossed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | past | Polynesian navigators | the Pacific | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pacific=Patient | ||||
| 2 | read | gerund | Polynesian navigators not said here | the stars and the waves and the flight of birds | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:098-explorers-mapping-the-world.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/98-explorers-mapping-the-world/13/