Grimm's Fairy Stories, The Valiant Little Tailor, sentence 78
In a certain forest in my kingdom," said the King, "there are two Giants, who, by murder, rapine, fire, and robbery, have committed great damage, and no one approaches them without endangering his own life.
Who acts: King, two Giants, one · What happens: say, be, have, approach, endanger · To what, where: certain forest, committed great damage, murder, own life · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, The Valiant Little Tailor. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, two Giants, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 forest | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 forest | det |
| 3 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 forest | amod |
| 4 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | obl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 kingdom | case |
| 6 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 kingdom | nmod:poss |
| 7 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 forest | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 forest | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 King | det |
| 12 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 are | punct |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 are | punct |
| 15 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 16 are | expl |
| 16 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 said | conj |
| 17 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 Giants | nummod |
| 18 | Giants | Giant | PROPN | Number=Plur | 16 are | nsubj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 have | punct |
| 20 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 have | nsubj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 who | punct |
| 22 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 murder | case |
| 23 | murder | murder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 have | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 rapine | punct |
| 25 | rapine | rapine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 murder | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 fire | punct |
| 27 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 murder | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 robbery | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 robbery | cc |
| 30 | robbery | robbery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 murder | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 murder | punct |
| 32 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 Giants | parataxis |
| 33 | committed | committed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 damage | amod |
| 34 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 damage | amod |
| 35 | damage | damage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 have | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 approaches | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 approaches | cc |
| 38 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 39 one | det |
| 39 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 approaches | nsubj |
| 40 | approaches | approach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 said | conj |
| 41 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 approaches | obj |
| 42 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 43 endangering | mark |
| 43 | endangering | endanger | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 approaches | advcl |
| 44 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 life | nmod:poss |
| 45 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 life | amod |
| 46 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 endangering | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | the King | a certain forest in my kingdom | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in forest=Manner | ||||
| 2 | be | present | two Giants | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | have | present | two Giants | committed great damage | by murder and rapine and fire and robbery | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent damage=Patient | |||
| 4 | approach | present | no one | murder | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 5 | endanger | gerund | no one not said here | King's own life | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Grimm's Fairy Stories» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 11027 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg11027/13/78/