The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 14, sentence 28

The valley in which I found myself was deep and narrow, and surrounded by mountains which towered into the clouds, and were so steep and rocky that there was no way of climbing up their sides.

Who acts: I, valley, mountains, way · What happens: find, be, surround, tower, climb up · To what, where: myself, valley, clouds, sides

This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, valley, mountains, way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 valley	det
2	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 deep	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 which	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 found	obl
5	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 found	nsubj
6	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 valley	acl:relcl
7	myself	myself	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	6 found	obj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 deep	cop
9	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 narrow	cc
11	narrow	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 deep	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 surrounded	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 surrounded	cc
14	surrounded	surround	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 deep	conj
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 mountains	case
16	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 surrounded	obl
17	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 towered	nsubj
18	towered	tower	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 mountains	acl:relcl
19	into	into	ADP	_	21 clouds	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 clouds	det
21	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 towered	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 steep	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 steep	cc
24	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 steep	cop
25	so	so	ADV	_	26 steep	advmod
26	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 deep	conj
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 rocky	cc
28	rocky	rocky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 steep	conj
29	that	that	SCONJ	_	31 was	mark
30	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	31 was	expl
31	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 rocky	advcl
32	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	33 way	det
33	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 was	nsubj
34	of	of	SCONJ	_	35 climbing	mark
35	climbing	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	33 way	acl
36	up	up	ADP	_	35 climbing	compound:prt
37	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	38 sides	nmod:poss
38	sides	side	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 climbing	obj
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 deep	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	find	past	I	myself	the valley		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myself=Topic
2	is	past	the valley			deep property	tree rules
3	be		the valley not said here				tree rules
4	surround	participle	the valley not said here			by mountains	vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
5	tower	past	mountains		the clouds		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	is	past	the valley not said here			steep property	tree rules
7	be		the valley not said here				tree rules
8	be	past	no way		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	climb up	gerund	no way not said here	mountains's sides			vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location side=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/14/28/