The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 15, sentence 30

Our idea was that if, when the sun rose, we saw nothing of the giant, and no longer heard his howls, which still came faintly through the darkness, growing more and more distant, we should conclude that he was dead, and that we might safely stay upon the island and need not risk our lives upon the frail rafts.

Who acts: sun, idea, howls, we, number · What happens: rise, be, hear, come, grow, conclude · To what, where: howls, darkness, island, lives

This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, idea, howls, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 idea	nmod:poss
2	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 saw	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 saw	cop
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	13 saw	mark
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 rose	mark
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 rose	punct
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	10 rose	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sun	det
9	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rose	nsubj
10	rose	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 saw	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 rose	punct
12	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 saw	nsubj
13	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	13 saw	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 giant	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 giant	det
17	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 nothing	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 heard	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 heard	cc
20	no	no	ADV	_	21 longer	advmod
21	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	22 heard	advmod
22	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 saw	parataxis
23	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 howls	nmod:poss
24	howls	howl	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 heard	obj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 came	punct
26	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 came	nsubj
27	still	still	ADV	_	28 came	advmod
28	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 howls	acl:relcl
29	faintly	faintly	ADV	_	28 came	advmod
30	through	through	ADP	_	32 darkness	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 darkness	det
32	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 came	obl
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 growing	punct
34	growing	grow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	22 heard	conj
35	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	34 growing	advmod
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 distant	cc
37	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	38 distant	advmod
38	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 more	conj
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 conclude	punct
40	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	42 conclude	nsubj
41	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	42 conclude	aux
42	conclude	conclude	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 saw	conj
43	that	that	SCONJ	_	46 dead	mark
44	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	46 dead	nsubj
45	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	46 dead	cop
46	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	42 conclude	ccomp
47	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 stay	punct
48	and	and	CCONJ	_	53 stay	cc
49	that	that	SCONJ	_	53 stay	mark
50	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	53 stay	nsubj
51	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	53 stay	aux
52	safely	safely	ADV	_	53 stay	advmod
53	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	42 conclude	conj
54	upon	upon	ADP	_	56 island	case
55	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	56 island	det
56	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 stay	obl
57	and	and	CCONJ	_	60 risk	cc
58	need	need	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	60 risk	aux
59	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	60 risk	advmod
60	risk	risk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	53 stay	conj
61	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	62 lives	nmod:poss
62	lives	life	NOUN	Number=Plur	60 risk	obj
63	upon	upon	ADP	_	66 rafts	case
64	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	66 rafts	det
65	frail	frail	ADJ	Degree=Pos	66 rafts	amod
66	rafts	raft	NOUN	Number=Plur	60 risk	obl
67	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 saw	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rise a condition, not said to happen	past	the sun					vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	Our idea				see property	tree rules
3	hear	past		sun's howls			long property	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer howl=Stimulus
4	come	past	sun's howls		the darkness	still	faintly property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through darkness=Initial_Location
5	grow	gerund						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	conclude	should	we					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
7	is	past	number				dead property	tree rules
8	stay	might	we		the island		safely property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon island=Location
9	not risk	present	we not said here	our lives			upon the frail rafts	vn risk-94-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Pivot
10	howl		sun					nom howl «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/15/30/